Te Tāke Pūwero CO₂: He Otinga Whai Hua mō te Whakahaere i te Hauhā Waro
Painga hua
I roto i ngā tukanga ahumahi me ngā tono arumoni, kua noho ko te whakaiti i ngā tukunga hauhā waro (CO₂) hei kaupapa matua. Ko te whakamahi i ngā tāke pupuhi CO₂ hei huarahi whai hua ki te whakahaere i ngā tukunga CO₂. He mea nui te mahi a ēnei tāke ki te whakahaere me te whakahaere i te tukunga o te hauhā waro, kia pai ai te noho o te taiao haumaru me te pumau.
Tuatahi, me ruku hohonu tātou ki ngā āhuatanga o te tāke pupuhi CO₂. He mea hanga motuhake ēnei tāke hei penapena me te pupuri i te hauhā waro, hei ārai i waenga i te pūtake me ngā pūwāhi tohatoha. He mea hanga ēnei ki te maitai kore waikura kounga teitei, hei whakarite i te pakari me te ātete ki te waikura. Ko te kaha o ngā tāke pupuhi CO₂ he rau ki te mano karani, i runga i ngā whakaritenga motuhake o te tono.
Ko tētahi āhuatanga nui o te tāke ārai CO₂ ko tōna kaha ki te mimiti me te penapena i te CO₂ taikaha. Ina puta te hauhā waro, ka tukuna ki roto i te tāke ngaru, ka rongoa haumaru kia taea rā anō te whakamahi tika, te tuku haumaru rānei. Mā tēnei ka ārai i te kohikohinga nui o te hauhā waro ki te taiao huri noa, ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā tūponotanga kino, ā, ka whakarite kia tutukihia ngā ture taiao.
Hei tāpiritanga, kua rite te tāke ārai CO₂ ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere pēhanga me te pāmahana matatau. Mā tēnei ka taea e te tāke te pupuri i ngā āhuatanga mahi tino pai, kia mau ai te haumaru me te pumau o te hauhā waro kua rongoatia. Kua hangaia ēnei pūnaha whakahaere hei whakahaere i ngā piki me ngā heke o te pēhanga me te pāmahana, hei ārai i ngā kino pea ki ngā tāke rokiroki, me te whakarite kia pai, kia haumaru hoki te whakahaere o ngā tukanga o raro.
Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga matua o ngā tāke pupuhi CO₂ ko tōna hototahi ki ngā momo tono ahumahi. Ka taea te whakauru pai ki roto i ngā pūnaha maha tae atu ki te whakawaro inu, te tukatuka kai, te whakatipu whare kati kōtuhi me ngā pūnaha tinei ahi. Nā tēnei whakamahinga maha e hanga ana ngā tāke ārai CO₂ hei wāhanga nui o ngā ahumahi maha, e whakatutuki ana i te hiahia e tipu haere ana mō te whakahaere CO₂ pumau.
Hei tāpiritanga, kua hangaia te tāke ārai CO₂ me ngā āhuatanga haumaru e whakatairanga ana i te tiaki i te kaiwhakahaere me te taiao e karapoti ana. He takirere haumaru, he taputapu whakaiti pēhanga me ngā kōpae pakaru hei āwhina i te aukati i te pēhanga nui me te whakarite kia tukuna te hauhā waro i roto i te āhuatanga ohorere. He mea nui te whai i ngā tikanga tāutanga me te tiaki tika kia pai ai te mahi me te haumaru o tō tāke ngaru CO₂.
Kāore ngā painga o ngā tāke ārai CO₂ e herea noa ki ngā āhuatanga taiao me te haumaru. Ka āwhina hoki i te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te mahi me te whai huatanga o te utu. Mā te whakamahi i ngā tāke ārai CO₂, ka taea e ngā umanga te whakahaere pai i ngā tukunga CO₂, te whakaiti i ngā para me te whakapai ake i ngā tukanga whakaputa whānui. Hei tāpiri, ka taea te whakauru i ēnei tāke ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere matatau hei whakahohe i te aroturukitanga me te whakahaere aunoa, hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te mahi.
Hei whakamutunga, he mea nui te mahi a ngā tāke ārai CO₂ ki te whakaiti i ngā tukunga CO₂ i roto i ngā momo mahi ahumahi me ngā mahi arumoni. Ko ōna āhuatanga, tae atu ki te kaha ki te penapena me te whakahaere i te hauhā waro, ngā pūnaha whakahaere matatau, te hototahi ki ngā momo ahumahi me ngā āhuatanga haumaru, ka waiho hei taonga nui mō te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga whanaketanga tauwhiro. I te mea kei te whakatairanga tonu ngā ahumahi i ngā take taiao, kāore e kore ka nui haere te whakamahinga o ngā tāke ngaru CO₂, ka whakarite kia ma ake, kia haumaru ake hoki te heke mai mō tātou katoa.
Ngā tono hua
I roto i te ao ahumahi o ēnei rā, kua noho ko te oranga tonutanga o te taiao me ngā mahi whai hua hei kaupapa matua. I a ngā ahumahi e whai ana ki te whakaiti i ō rātou tapuwae waro me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te pūngao, kua arohia whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā tāke pupuri CO₂. He mea nui te mahi a ēnei tāke rokiroki i roto i ngā momo tono, e tuku ana i ngā painga maha ka taea te pā pai ki ngā ahumahi puta noa i ngā ahumahi rerekē.
He ipu te tāke ārai waro hauhā hei penapena me te whakahaere i te hau waro hauhā. E mōhiotia ana te waro hauhā mō tōna pāmahana koropupū iti, ā, ka huri mai i te hau hei totoka, hei wai rānei i ngā pāmahana me ngā pēhanga tino nui. Ka whakaratohia e ngā tāke ngaru he taiao whakahaere e whakarite ana kia noho tonu te waro hauhā i roto i te āhua hau, kia māmā ake ai te whakahaere me te kawe.
Ko tētahi o ngā whakamahinga matua mō ngā tāke whakapūnga CO₂ ko te umanga inu. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te hauhā waro hei wāhanga matua o ngā inu waro, e whakarato ana i te hauhautanga motuhake me te whakarei ake i te reka. Ka mahi te tāke whakapūnga hei puna mō te hauhā waro, e whakarite ana i te putunga pumau mō te tukanga whakapūnga waro me te pupuri tonu i tōna kounga. Mā te penapena i te nui o te hauhā waro, ka taea e te tāke te whakaputa pai me te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te korenga o te putunga.
Hei tāpiritanga, he whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā tāke ārai CO₂ i roto i te mahi hanga, inā koa i roto i ngā tukanga whakarewa me te hanga konganuku. I roto i ēnei mahi, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te hauhā waro hei hau tiaki. He mea nui te tāke ārai ki te whakahaere i te tuku o te hauhā waro me te whakarite i te rere o te hau i te wā o ngā mahi whakarewa, he mea nui tēnei ki te whakatutuki i te whakarewa kounga teitei. Mā te pupuri i te tuku tonu o te hauhā waro, ka āwhina te tāke ki te whakarewa tika, ā, ka āwhina i te whakapiki i te hua.
Ko tētahi atu whakamahinga nui o ngā tāke pupuhi CO₂ ko te ahuwhenua. He mea nui te hauhā waro mō te whakatipu tipu o roto nā te mea ka whakatairanga i te tipu o ngā tipu me te whakaahua. Mā te whakarato i tētahi taiao CO₂ whakahaeretia, ka taea e ēnei tāke te āwhina i ngā kaimahi pāmu ki te arotau i ngā hua o te hua me te whakanui ake i te hua whānui. Ka taea e ngā whare kati kōtuhi kua whakauruhia ki ngā tāke ārai hauhā waro te hanga i tētahi taiao me ngā taumata hauhā waro teitei, inā koa i ngā wā kāore i te rawaka ngā kukū taiao o te hau. Ko tēnei tukanga, e mōhiotia ana ko te whakarei ake i te hauhā waro, ka whakatairanga i te tipu tipu hauora me te tere ake, ka whakapai ake i te kounga me te rahinga o te hua.
Kāore ngā painga o te whakamahi i ngā tāke CO₂ e herea noa ki ngā ahumahi motuhake. Mā te penapena me te tohatoha pai i te hauhā waro, ka āwhina ēnei tāke ki te whakaiti i te para me te whakapiki ake i te pai o te tukanga whānui. Mā te whakahaere kaha ake i ngā taumata hauhā waro ka āwhina hoki ki te whakaiti i ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi, ka whai wāhi atu ki tētahi heke mai pumau ake. Hei tāpiri, mā te whakarite i te tuku pumau o te CO₂, ka taea e ngā pakihi te karo i ngā whakararuraru i puta mai i te korenga pea, ka taea ai te whakahaere i ngā mahi kore e mutu, me te whakapiki ake i te makona o ngā kiritaki.
I roto i te poto, he mea nui te whakamahinga o ngā tāke ārai waro hauhā ki ngā momo ahumahi. Ahakoa i roto i te ahumahi inu, i te ahumahi hanga, i te ahuwhenua rānei, he mahi nui tā ēnei tāke ki te pupuri i te tuku pumau o te CO₂. Ko te taiao whakahaeretia e whakaratohia ana e ngā tāke ārai he mea nui ki ngā tukanga whakaputa whai hua, te whakarewa kounga teitei me te whakapai ake i te whakatipu hua. Hei tāpiri, mā te whakaiti i ngā tukunga para me ngā hau kati kōtuhi, ka āwhina ngā tāke ārai CO₂ i ngā ahumahi ki te neke whakamua ki tētahi heke mai pumau ake. I te mea kei te whakatairanga tonu ngā ahumahi i te kawenga taiao me te whai huatanga o te whakahaere, kāore e kore ka tipu haere tonu te whakamahinga o ngā tāke ngaru CO₂, ā, ka waiho hei rawa nui.
Wheketere
Pae Wehenga
Te wāhi whakaputa
| Ngā tawhā hoahoa me ngā whakaritenga hangarau | ||||||||
| tau raupapa | kaupapa | ipu | ||||||
| 1 | Ngā paerewa me ngā whakaritenga mō te hoahoa, te hanga, te whakamātautau me te tirotiro | 1. GB/T150.1~150.4-2011 “Ngā Ipu Pēhanga”. 2. TSG 21-2016 “Ngā Ture Tirotiro Hangarau Haumaru mō ngā Ipu Pēhanga Tūmau”. 3. NB/T47015-2011 “Ngā Ture Whakarewa mō ngā Ipu Pēhanga”. | ||||||
| 2 | te pēhanga hoahoa MPa | 5.0 | ||||||
| 3 | te pēhanga mahi | MPa | 4.0 | |||||
| 4 | te pāmahana whakatakoto ℃ | 80 | ||||||
| 5 | Te pāmahana whakahaere ℃ | 20 | ||||||
| 6 | waenga | Hau/Kore-paitini/Rōpū Tuarua | ||||||
| 7 | Rauemi wāhanga pēhanga matua | Te taumata pereti maitai me te paerewa | Q345R GB/T713-2014 | |||||
| tirohia anō | / | |||||||
| 8 | Ngā rauemi whakarewa | whakarewa pewa ruku | H10Mn2+SJ101 | |||||
| Te whakarewa pewa whakarewa hau, te whakarewa pewa tungsten argon, te whakarewa pewa hikohiko | ER50-6,J507 | |||||||
| 9 | Tauwehenga hononga whakarewa | 1.0 | ||||||
| 10 | Kore-ngaronga te kimi | Momo hononga hononga A, B | NB/T47013.2-2015 | 100% X-ray, Akomanga II, Hangarau Kitenga Akomanga AB | ||||
| NB/T47013.3-2015 | / | |||||||
| Ngā hononga whakarewa momo A, B, C, D, E | NB/T47013.4-2015 | Tirotiro matūriki aukume 100%, taumata | ||||||
| 11 | Te āheinga waikura mm | 1 | ||||||
| 12 | Tātaihia te matotoru mm | Puoto: 17.81 Upoko: 17.69 | ||||||
| 13 | rōrahi katoa m³ | 5 | ||||||
| 14 | Tauwehenga whakakī | / | ||||||
| 15 | maimoatanga wera | / | ||||||
| 16 | Ngā kāwai ipu | Akomanga II | ||||||
| 17 | Te waehere hoahoa rū whenua me te taumata | taumata 8 | ||||||
| 18 | Te waehere hoahoa kawenga hau me te tere o te hau | Pēhanga hau 850Pa | ||||||
| 19 | pēhanga whakamātautau | Whakamātautau waipū (te pāmahana wai kaua e iti iho i te 5°C) MPa | / | |||||
| whakamātautau pēhanga hau MPa | 5.5 (Hauota) | |||||||
| Whakamātautau ātete hau | MPa | / | ||||||
| 20 | Ngā taputapu me ngā taputapu haumaru | ine pēhanga | Waea: 100mm Awhe: 0~10MPa | |||||
| takirere haumaru | pēhanga whakarite：MPa | 4.4 | ||||||
| diameter ingoa | DN40 | |||||||
| 21 | te horoi mata | JB/T6896-2007 | ||||||
| 22 | Te roa o te ratonga hoahoa | 20 tau | ||||||
| 23 | Te Tākai me te Tukunga | E ai ki ngā ture o NB/T10558-2021 "Te Paninga Ipu Pēhanga me te Tākai Kawe" | ||||||
| "Tuhipoka: 1. Me whai whenua pai te taputapu, ā, me ≤10Ω te ātete whenua.2. Ka tirotirohia auautia tēnei taputapu i runga anō i ngā whakaritenga o te TSG 21-2016 "Ngā Ture Tirotiro Hangarau Haumaru mō ngā Ipu Pēhanga Tūmau". Ina tae te nui o te waikura o te taputapu ki te uara kua tohua i roto i te tuhi i mua i te wā e whakamahia ana te taputapu, ka mutu tonu.3. Ka tirohia te aronga o te pūwero ki te ahunga A." | ||||||||
| Tēpu pūwero | ||||||||
| tohu | Rahi ingoa | Paerewa rahi hononga | Momo mata hono | kaupapa, ingoa rānei | ||||
| A | DN80 | HG/T 20592-2009 WN80(B)-63 | RF | te urunga hau | ||||
| B | / | M20×1.5 | Tauira pūrerehua | Atanga ine pēhanga | ||||
| ( | DN80 | HG/T 20592-2009 WN80(B)-63 | RF | putanga hau | ||||
| D | DN40 | / | whakarewa | Atanga takirere haumaru | ||||
| E | DN25 | / | whakarewa | Putanga Parakaingaki | ||||
| F | DN40 | HG/T 20592-2009 WN40(B)-63 | RF | waha o te inemahana | ||||
| M | DN450 | HG/T 20615-2009 S0450-300 | RF | poka wai | ||||
