Ngā Hua Wehenga Hau: Te Whakapai Ake i te Hanga Hau Ahumahi
Ngā Āhuatanga o te Hua
He wāhanga nui ngā Wāhanga Wehenga Hau (ASU) o te maha o ngā ahumahi, ā, he mahi nui tā rātou i roto i ngā tukanga hanga e hiahia ana ki ngā hau parakore. Ka whakamahia ēnei hei wehewehe i ngā wāhanga hau pēnei i te hāora, te hauota, te argon, te herium me ētahi atu hau rangatira. Ko te mahi a te ASU i runga i te mātāpono o te whakamatao cryogenic, e whakamahi ana i ngā pāmahana kohua rerekē o ēnei hau hei wehewehe pai i a rātou.
Ka tīmata te tukanga wehenga hau mā te pēhi me te whakamatao i te hau ki ngā pāmahana tino iti. Ka taea tēnei mā roto i ngā tikanga maha, tae atu ki te whakapūtanga wai, arā, ka whakapūtanga te hau, kātahi ka whakamatao ki te pāmahana iti. Tērā atu huarahi, ka taea te pēhi me te whakamatao i te hau i mua i te whakapūtanga. Kia tae te hau ki te āhua wai, ka taea te wehe i roto i te pou whakatikatika.
I roto i te pou whakatō, ka whakamahanahia te hau wai kia koropupū. Ina koropupū, ka mimiti tuatahi ngā hau pūngāwerewere, pērā i te hauota, e koropupū ana i te -196°C. Ka puta tēnei tukanga whakatō i ngā teitei rerekē i roto i te pourewa, e āhei ai te wehewehe me te kohikohi i ia wāhanga hau. Ka tutuki te wehenga mā te whakamahi i te rerekētanga o ngā pūnga koropupū i waenga i ngā hau.
Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga motuhake o tētahi tipu wehewehe hau ko tōna kaha ki te whakaputa i te nui o te hau parakore. Ka whakamahia ēnei hau i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā ahumahi, tae atu ki te hanga maitai, te hanga matū, me te hauora. He mea nui te taumata parakore e tutukihia ana e tētahi wāhanga wehewehe hau hei pupuri i te kounga o te hua, hei whakapai ake i te haumaru me te whakarite i te mahi tino pai.
He mea tika kia whakanuia te ngāwari o te tipu wehewehe hau. Ka taea te hanga i ēnei waeine hei whakaputa i ngā ranunga hau motuhake e tika ana mō ngā whakaritenga ahumahi rerekē. Hei tauira, i roto i te umanga hanga maitai, ka taea te whirihora i ngā waeine wehewehe hau hei whakaputa i te hau whai hāora, e whakarei ake ana i te mura me te whai huatanga o te oumu. Waihoki, i roto i te umanga hauora, ka whakaputa ngā waeine wehewehe hau i te hāora parakore teitei e whakamahia ana i roto i te whakaora manawa me ngā tikanga hauora.
Hei tāpiritanga, he pūnaha whakahaere matatau ā ngā tipu wehewehe hau e āhei ai te aroturuki me te whakahaere mamao. Mā tēnei ka taea te whakarerekē ngāwari i ngā tere whakaputa hau, kia pai ai te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi e ai ki te hiahia. Mā ngā āhuatanga aunoa ka āwhina i te arotau i te whakapaunga pūngao, te whakanui ake i te pai o te whakahaere me te whakaiti i ngā utu.
He mea nui te haumaru i roto i ngā mahi ahumahi katoa. He maha ngā āhuatanga haumaru kua hangaia mō ngā tipu wehewehe hau hei whakarite i te hauora o ngā kaimahi me te pono o te tukanga. Kei roto i ēnei ko ngā pūnaha whakaweto aunoa, ngā pūnaha whakaoho me ngā takirere whakamāmā pēhanga. Ka whakangungua ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu wehewehe hau kia taea ai te whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga ohorere me te pupuri i te haumaru mahi.
Hei whakamutunga, he mea nui ngā waeine wehewehe hau mō te wehewehe i ngā wāhanga hau mō ngā mahi ahumahi rerekē. Mā te mātāpono pāmahana iti e whakamahia ana e rātou ka taea te wehewehe pai i ngā hau me te whakarato hua parakore teitei. Nā te ngāwari, ngā pūnaha whakahaere matatau me ngā āhuatanga haumaru ka tino hiahiatia te ASU i roto i ngā ahumahi rerekē o te ao. I te haere tonu o te whanaketanga o te hangarau, ka nui haere te mahi a ngā waeine wehewehe hau ki te whakatutuki i te hiahia e tipu haere ana mō te hau parakore.
Te tono hua
He mahi nui tā ngā Wāhanga Wehenga Hau (ASU) i roto i ngā ahumahi maha mā te wehewehe i te hau ki ōna wāhanga matua, arā, te Hauota, te Hāora me te Ākona. E whakamahia whānuitia ana ēnei hau i roto i te mahi whakarewa, te matū hinu, te matū waro, te tongi, te whakarewa kore-ferrous, te rererangi me ētahi atu mara. Ko ngā kamupene pēnei i a mātou e tohunga ana ki ngā taputapu wehewehe hau e tuku ana i te whānuitanga o ngā hua hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia kanorau o ēnei ahumahi.
He mea āta hoahoa, he mea hanga hoki ā mātou hua tipu wehewehe hau kia pai ai te mahi me te pono. Mā te hangarau matatau me ngā tikanga whakahaere kounga tino pakari, e whakahīhī ana mātou ki te whakarato i ngā taputapu tino pai e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa ahumahi teitei.
Ko tētahi o ngā ahumahi matua e whai hua ana mai i te whakamahinga o ngā waeine wehenga hau ko te mahi whakarewa. Ka whakamahia te hāora e puta mai ana i ngā waeine wehenga hau i roto i ngā tukanga whakarewa maha pērā i te hanga maitai me te hanga rino. Ka whakanui ake te whakarei ake i te hāora i te pai o te tahunga o te oumu, ka whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao me te whakapai ake i te kounga o te hua. Hei tāpiri, ka whakamahia te hauota me te argon mō te horoi, te whakamatao me te hau tiaki i roto i ngā mahi whakarewa rerekē.
I roto i te mara matū hinu, ka whakaratohia e ngā waeine wehenga hau he puna tonu, he pūtake pono hoki o ngā hau hua e hiahiatia ana e ngā tukanga rerekē. Ka whakamahia te hāora hei whakaputa i te waikura ethylene me te waikura propylene, ko te hauota ia ka whakamahia hei paparanga kore mahi hei ārai i ngā pahūtanga me ngā ahi i te wā e penapena ana me te whakahaere i ngā rauemi mura. Mā te wehenga o te hau ki roto i ōna wāhanga i roto i te waeine wehenga hau ka whakarite kia mau tonu te tuku o te hau e hiahiatia ana mō ngā mahi matū hinu.
Kua nui hoki ngā painga kua riro mai i te umanga matū waro i te wāhanga wehenga hau. Ka whakamahia te hāora e puta mai ana i te wāhanga wehenga hau mō te whakapūngao waro, he tukanga e hurihia ai te waro hei hau whakahiato mō te hanga matū anō. Kei roto i ngā syngas te hauwai, te hauota waro me ētahi atu wāhanga e hiahiatia ana hei hanga i ngā momo matū me ngā wahie.
Ka whakamahia hoki ngā waeine wehenga hau i roto i te umanga tongi. Ko te hauota, e puta nui ana i te wā o te wehenga hau, he wāhanga nui o te hanga tongi. He mea nui ngā tongi kei roto i te hauota hei whakatairanga i te tipu hauora o ngā tipu nā te mea he matūkai nui te hauota mō ngā tipu. Mā te whakarato i tētahi puna pono o te hauota, ka āwhina ngā waeine wehenga hau ki te whakaputa tongi kounga teitei hei whakapai ake i ngā hua ahuwhenua.
Ko te whakarewa konganuku kore-ferrous, pērā i te hanga konumohe me te parahi, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hangarau ASU mō te whakarei ake i te hāora i te wā o te tukanga whakarewa. Mā te tāpiri hāora whakahaere ka taea te whakahaere tika i te pāmahana me te arotau i te whakaora konganuku. Hei tāpiri, ka whakamahia te hauota me te argon mō ngā kaupapa horoi me te whakaoho, ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga me te kounga whānui o te tukanga.
He mea nui anō hoki te mahi a ngā waeine wehewehe hau i roto i te umanga rererangi. Mā roto i ēnei taputapu, ka taea te whakaputa hauota me te hāora wai me te hau mō ngā waka rererangi me ngā waka mokowhiti. Ka whakamahia ēnei hau mō te pēhanga o te kāpini, te whakaū i te tāke wahie me ngā tukanga tahunga i roto i ngā tono rererangi, kia mau ai te haumaru me te whai huatanga o ngā mahi rere.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, he whānuitia ngā whakamahinga o ngā waeine wehewehe hau puta noa i ngā ahumahi maha. Whiwhi i te tuku pono o te hauota, te hāora me te argon mā te waeine wehewehe hau hei tautoko i te whakahaere maeneene o ngā tukanga rerekē pēnei i te whakarewa, te matū hinu, te matū waro, te tongi, te whakarewa kore-ferrous, me te rererangi. Hei kamupene e tohunga ana ki ngā taputapu wehewehe hau, ka tukuna e mātou he whānuitanga o ngā hua e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga pakari o ēnei ahumahi, e whakarite ana i te whakahaere maeneene me te putanga kounga teitei.
Kaupapa
